Encyclopedia on Political Economy / Financial Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
to
FRANCE

The Encyclopedia on Political Economy

One of the School's objectives is to serve as a valuable resource for students, teachers, journalists, authors, researchers and anyone interested in the study of political economy.

CHECK THE SCHOOL'S ONLINE LIBRARY AND THE HISTORY OF THE GEORGIST MOVEMENT SECTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL BOOKS, PAPERS AND ARTICLES BY SOME AUTHORS.

Abu Dhabi - Austria	Baltic Republics - Business Cycles	Canada - Czechoslovakia
Denmark - Dominican Republic	Economics	...
ECONOMISTS
Australian - Swedish	United Kingdom	United States A-D
United States E-H	United States I-P	United States Q-Z
***
Ecuador - Europe-Eurasia	Financial Systems - France	Georgia - Guatemala
Historians - Hungary	Iceland - Italy	Jamaica - Jordan
Kenya - Kuwait	Land - Luxembourg	Malaysia - Mozambique
Nepal - Norway	Oman	Pakistan - Philippines
PHILOSOPHERS - SOCIO-POLITICAL
A-C	D-G	George, Henry - Essays on
George, Henry - Essays on, AJES	George, Henry - Writings of	G-L
M-R	S-Z
PHILOSOPHIES - SOCIO-POLITICAL
Anarchy - Conspiracy Theory	Cooperative Individualism	Enlightenment - Islamic Fundamentalism
Laissez Faire - Liberalism	Libertarianism	Relativism - Totalitarianism
***
Poland - Puerto Rico	Rights - Russia	Saudi Arabia - Singapore
South Africa - Syria	Taiwan - Turkey	Uganda - United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom - A-L	United Kingdom - M-Z	United Nations
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Conditions - Foreign Policy	Government	History
***
Uruguay - Virgin Islands	...	...
WEALTH
Distribution of	Production of	Taxation of
***
Yemen - Zimbabwe	...	...

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

Alternative Systems and Institutions:
Digital Currencies

Bitcoin and the Future of Digital Payments

The Independent Review

Bitcoin and Stability

Foreign Affairs

Bitcoin: Economics, Technology and Governance

The Journal of Economic Perspectives

Bitcoin: The Economic Case for a Global Virtual Currency Operating in an Unexplored Legal Framework

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Which Kind of Blockchain Application for Local Complementary Currencies?

Revue economique

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

Alternative Systems and Institutions:
Free Banking

Free Banking and Information Asymmetry
... Kam Hon Chu
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol.31, No.4, November 1999, pp.748-762

Free Banking and Monetary Control
... George Selgin
The Economic Journal, Vol.104, No.428, November 1994, pp.1449-1959

Free Banking and the Stabilitgy of Early Joint-Stock Banking
... C.R. Hickson and J.d. Turner
Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol.28, No.6, November 2004, pp.903-919

Unlimited Liability and Free Banking in Scotland: A Note
... Jack Carr, Sherry Glied and Frank Mathewson
The Journal of Economic History, Vol.49, No.4, December 1989, pp.974-978

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

Alternative Systems and Institutions:
Local Currency Networks

Do Local Currency Systems Have a Role in Economic Regeneration
... Anthony Clayton
Social and Economic Studies, Vol.59, No.1/2, March-June 2010, pp.243-287

Ithaca Hours: Creating Community Economics with Local Currency
... Paul Glover
The Good Society, Vol.7, No.1, Winter 1997, p.56

Local Currencies in the Twenty-First Century
... Susan Witt and Christopher Lindstrom
World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues, Vol.9, No.1, Srring 2005, pp.157-163

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

Alternative Systems and Institutions:
Public Banks

Government Ownership of Banks

The Journal of Finance

North Dakota's Development Bank
... Marvin Duncan, Laurence Crane and Cole Gustafson
Choices, Vol.10, No.4, Fourth Quarter 1995, pp.38-40

The North Dakota Rural Credit System
... Gilbert W. Cooke
The Journal of Land & Public Utility Economics, Vol.14, No.3, August 1938, pp.273-283

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

Current Conditions:
Central Banks

Central Banks and Asset Bubbles: A Perspective

Economic and Political Weekly

Central Banks as Sources of Financial Instability

The Independent Review

Central Banks at War
... Paul Poast
International Organization, Vol.69, No.1, Winter 2015, pp.63-95

China's Social Credit System
... Samantha Hoffman
From: Social credit: Technology-enhanced authoritarian control with global consequences, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, 1 June, 2018

The Role of Central Banks in Global Austerity

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Why Do Banks Need a Central Bank?

Oxford Economic Papers

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

Current Conditions:
General Writings on

Debt as the Basis of Currency: The Monetary Economics of Trust
... Neil T. Skaggs
The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol.57, No.4, October, 1998, pp.453-467

Free Enterprise and the Management of the Public Debt
... W. Randolph Burgess
Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol.22, No.3, May 1947, pp.4-165

How Climate Change Could Spark the Next Financial Crisis
... Sagatom Saha and Brody Viney
Journal of International Affairs, Vol.73, No.1, Fall 2019 / Winter 2020, pp.205-216

The Inflationary Road to Ruin
... Nicholas Bilitch
Land & Liberty, November-December 1977

Monetary Theory: Where Do We Stand?
... Harris Dellas, Thomas Jordan and Ulrich Kohli
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol.40, No.8, December 2008, pp.1557-1560

The Global Financial Crisis
... Stephanie Blankenburg and Jose Gabriel Palma
Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol.33, No.4, July 2009, pp.531-538

International Political Economy, Global Financial Orders and the 2008 Financial Crisis
... Daniel W. Drezner and Kathleen R. McNamara
Perpectives on Politics, Vol.11, No.1, March 2013, pp.155-166

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

Current Conditions:
IMF and World Bank

Blueprints for a New Global Financial Architecture
... Charles W. Calomiris [October 7, 1998]

Governing the Global Financial System

Managing the New Global Commons

Reforming the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank
... Ngaire Woods
Challenge, Vol.49, No.3, May-June 2006, pp.5-16

Rethinking Poverty through the Eyes of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank
... Pamela Blackmon
International Studies Review, Vol.10, No.2, June 2008, pp.179-202

The New Role for the World Bank
... Michael A. Clemens and Michael Kremer
The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.30, No.1, Winter 2016, pp.53-76

The State of the World Bank

Challenge

The World Bank: Why It Is Still Needed and Why It Still Disappoints
... Martin Ravallion
The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.30, No.1, Winter 2016, pp.77-94

The World Bank's Poverty Strategy
... Paul Spray
Development in Practice, Vol.5, No.1, February, 1995, pp.49-53

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

History:
Ancient World

Financial Intermediation in the Early Roman Empire
... Peter Temin
The Journal of Econolmic History, Vol.64, No.3, September 2004, pp.705-733

The Economy of the Early Roman Empire
... Peter Temin
The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.20, No.1, Winter 2006, pp.133-151

The Origin of Banking: Religious Finance in Babylonia
... Benjamin Bromberg
The Journal of Economic History, Vol.2, No.1, May 1942, pp.77-88

The Origins of Banking: The Primitive Bank of Deposit, 1200-1600
... Abbott Payson Usher
The Economic History Review, Vol.4, No.4, April 1934, pp.399-428

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

History:
Bank of Amsterdam

The Bank of Amsterdam and the Leap to Central Bank Money
... Stephen Quinn and William Roberds
The American Economic Review, Vol.97, No.2, May 2007, pp.262-265

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

History:
Bretton Woods Agreement

Back to which Bretton Woods? Liquidity and clearing as alternative principles for reforming international money
... Massimo Amato and Luca Fantacci
Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol.38, No.6, November 2014, pp.1431-1452

Black Gold: The End of Bretton Woods and the Oil-Price Shocks of the 1970s
... David Hammes and Douglas Wills
The Independent Review, Vol.9, No.4, Spring 2005, pp.501-511

Bretton Woods and International Cooperation
... Henry Morgenthau Jr.
Foreign Affairs, Vol.23, No.2, January 1945, pp.182-194

Bretton Woods Reappraised
... Charles Kindleberger
International Organization, Vol.5, No.1, February 1951, pp.32-47

The Bretton Woods Agreements
... John H. Williams
Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol.21, No.3, May 1945, pp.40-50

The Bretton Woods Institutions in Transition
... Klaus Knorr
International Organization, Vol.2, No.1, February 1948, pp.19-38

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

History:
Britain

British Monetary Policy and the Banking System in the 1950s
... Duncan M. Ross
Business and Economic History, Vol.21, 1992, pp.199-208

London Merchant Banks, the Central European Panic, and the Sterling Crisis of 1931
... Olivier Accominotti
The Journal of Economic History, Vol.72, No.1, March 2012, pp.1-43

Public Monies and the Development of English Banking

The Economic History Review

The London Monetary and Economic Conference of 1933
... Rodney J. Morrison
The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol.52, No.3, July 1993, pp.307-321

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

History:
European Continent

A Twin Crisis with Multiple Banks of Issue: Spain in the 1860s
... Alessio Moro, Galo Nuno, and Pedro Tedde
European Review of Economic History, Vol.19, No.2, May 2015, pp.171-194

Backwardness and the Role of Banking in Nineteenth-Century European Industrialization
... David F. Good
The Journal of Economic History, Vol.33, No.4, December 1973, pp.845-850

The Bank of Venice
... Charles F. Dunbar
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.6, No.3, April 1892, pp.308-335

The Political Calculus of Capital: Banking and the Business Class in Prussia, 1848-1856
... James M. Brophy
Central European History, Vol.25, No.2, 1992, pp.149-176

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

History:
Social Credit Movement

John Hargrave The Green Shirts, and Social Credit
... J.L. Finlay
Journal of Contemporary History, Vol.5, No.1, 1970, pp.53-71

Social Credit in America: A View from Ezra Pound's Economic Corresponence, 1933-1940
... Roxana Preda
American Identify, Fall & Winter 2005, pp.201-227

Social Credit Movement in Alberta
... J.F. Parkinson
The Australian Quarterly, Vol.8, No.29, march 1936, pp.6-15

The Evolution of the Social Credit Movement
... John A. Irving
The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, Vol.14, No.3, August 1948, pp.321-341

The Political Theory of Social Credit
... C.B. Macpherson
The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, Vol.15, No.3, August 1949, pp.378-393

The Utopian State: The Rise of the Social Credit Party
... William E. Segall
Journal of Thought, Vol.6, No.3, July 1971, pp.176-186

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

History:
The Gold Standard

Does "Gold" Really Matter?
... Harry Pollard
posted to the land-theory discussion group, 9 May 2000

Chapter on "The History of the Dollar" from the book:
The Big Reset: War on Gold and the Financial Endgame
... Willem Middlekoop
published by Amsterdam University Press, 2016

The Cross of Gold
... William Jennings Bryan [a speech delivered to the Democratic National Convention, 1896]

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

History:
United States / Free Banking Experience

Entry, Rivalry and Free Banking in Antebellum America
... Howard Bodenhorn
The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.72, No.4, November 1990, pp.682-686

Illinois Free Banking Experience
... Andrew J. Economopoulos
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol.20, No.2, May 1988, pp.249-264

Inflation: The Era of the State Banks

Current History

New Evidence on the Free Banking Era
... Arthur J. Rolnick and Warren E. Weber
The American Economic Review, Vol.73, No.5, December 1983, pp.1080-1091

The Free Banking Era: A Reexamination
... Hugh Rockoff
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol.6, No.2, May, 1974, pp.141-167

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

History:
United States / Panics and Financial Crises:
18th and 19th centuries

A New History of Banking Panics in the United States, 1825-1929: Construction and Implications
... Andrew J. Jalil
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, Vol.7, No.3, July 2015, pp.295-330

Alexander Hamilton, Central Bankers: Crisis Management during the U.S. Financial Panic of 1792
... Richard Sylla, Robert E. Wright and David J. Cowen
The Business History Review, Vol.83, No.1, Spring 2009, pp.61-86

Responding to a Shadow Banking Crisis: The Lessons of 1763
... Stephen Quinn and William Roberds
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol.47, No.6, September 2015, pp.1149-1176

The First Bank of the United States and the Securities Market Crash of 1792
... David J. Cowen
The Journal of Economic History, Vol.60, No.4, December 2000, pp.1041-1060

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

History:
United States / Panics and Financial Crises:
20th century

A Reinterpretation of the Banking Criss of 1930
... Eugene Nelson White
The Journal of Economic History, Vol.44, No.1, March 1984, pp.119-138

Bank Supervision, Regulation, and Instability during the Great Depression ... Kris James Mitchener
The Journal of Economic History, Vol.65, No.1, March 2005 pp.152-185

Currency Versus Banking in the Financial Crisis of 1931
... Albrecht Ritschl and Samad Sarferaz
International Economic Review, Vol.55, No.2, May 2014, pp.349-373

Lineages of Crisis Economics from the 1930s: Keynes, Hayek and Schumpeter
... Duncan K. Foley
Eastern Economic Journal, Vol.36, No.4, Fall 2010, pp.413-422

The Chicago Plan and the Reserve Requirement Increase of 1936-37
... Ronnie J. Phillips
History of Economic Ideas, Vol.5, No.2, 1997, pp.53-67

The Political Lessons of Depression-Era Banking Reform
... Charles W. Caoomiris
Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol.26, No.3, Autumn 2010, pp.540-560

Was the Bank Holiday of 1933 Caused by a Run on the Dollar?
... Barrie A. Wigmore
The Journal of Economic History, Vol.47, No.3, Septemer 1987, pp.739-755

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

History:
United States / Panics and Financial Crises:
21st century

Anticipating the 2007-2008 Financial Crisis: Who Kneew Waht and When Did They Know It?
... Biljana Adebambo, Paul Brockman and Xuemin Yan
The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol.50, No.4, August 2015, pp.647-669

Unraveling the Financial Crisis of 2008
... Michael Comiskey and Pawan Madhogarhia
Political Science and Politics, Vol.42, No.2, April 2009, pp.271-275

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

History:
United States / Regulation and Deregulation

Financial Regulation: Still Unsettled a Decade After the Crisis
... Tarullo, Daniel
The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.33, No.1, Winter 2019, pp.61-80

Deregulation and the Subprime Crisis
... Paul G. Mahoney
Virginia Law Review, Vol.104, No.2, April 2018, pp.235-300

The Political Economy of Banking Regulation, 1864-1933
... Eugene Nelson White
The Journal of Economic History, Vol.42, No.1, March 1982, pp.33-40

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

Keynesian Monetary Theory and Policy

... Philippe Callier
Keynes half a century ago: the treatise on money, Vol.46, No.2, 1980, pp.165-170

Keynes and Central Banking
... Anand G. Chandavarkar
Indian Economic Review, Vol.20, No.2, July-December, 1985, pp.283-297

Keynes, Inflation and Money Illusion
... James A. Trevithick
The Economic Journal, Vol.85, No.337, March 1975, pp.101-113

Marx and Keynes on Money
... Martha Campbell
International Journal of Political Economy, Vol.27, No.3, Fall 1997, pp.65-91

Mr. Keynes' Theory of Money
... D.H. Robertson
The Economic Journal, Vol.41, No.163, September 1931, pp.395-411

Mr. Keynes' Treatise on Money
... J.C. Stamp
The Economic Journal, Vol.41, No.162, June 1931, pp.241-249

Money: Currency's Circuit
... Robert Batt
a land-theory online discussion, September 1998

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

Theoretical Debates

Basic Principles of the Money-Credit System in the United States
... Edward C. Harwood
A Special Bulletin; issue 19; September 1952 by the American Institute for Economic Research

Monetary Policy: Rules, Targets, and Shocks
... James Tobin
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol.15, No.4, November 1983, pp.506-518

Monetary Policy: Theory and Practice
... Milton Friedman
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol.14, No.1, February 1982, pp.98-118

The Essential Nature of Money
... Thomas H. Greco, Jr.
Earth Island Journal, Vol.10, No.1, Winter 1994-95, pp.35-36

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Securities Markets

Global

Public Regulation of the Securities Markets
... George J. Stigler
The Journal of Business, Vol.37, No.2, April 1964, pp.117-142

Stock Exchanges and the New Markets for Securities Laws
... Chris Brummer
The University of Chicago Law Review, Vol.75, No.4, Fall 2008, pp.1435-1491

The Core Institutions that Support Strong Securities Markets
... Bernard Black
The Business Lawyer, Vol.55, No.4, August 2000, pp.1565-1607

The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics
... Burton G. Malkiel
The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.17, No.1, Winter 2003, pp.59-82

The Globalization of Securities Markets: Effects on Investor Protection
... Shelley Thompson
The International Lawyer, Vol.41 No.4, Winter 2007, pp.1121-1144

FINLAND

History

An Economic History of Finland
... Riitta Hjerppe, University of Helsinki
EH.Net Encyclopedia

History of Finland
... Wikipedia

FINLAND

Current Conditions

Finland
... Wikipedia

FRANCE

History

A Socialist History of France
... Charles A. Beard
Political Science Quarterly, Vol.21, No.1, March 1906, pp.111-120

History of France
... Wikipedia

Reevaluating the French Revolution
... Roland N. Stromberg
The History Teacher, Vol.20, No.1, November 1986, pp.87-107

Sharecropping and Investment in Agriculture in Early Modern France
... Philip Hoffman
The Journal of Economic History, Vol.42, No.1, March 1982, pp.155-159

The Economic History of France, 1815-1870
... Arthur L. Dunham
The Journal of Modern History, Vol.21, No.2, June 1949, pp.121-139

The History of New France According to Francis Parkman
... W.J. Eccles
The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol.18, No.2, April, 1961, pp.163-175

The Revolution of 1848 in the History of French Republicanism
... Samuel Hayat
History of Political Thought, Vol.36,No.2, Summer 2015, pp.331-353

FRANCE

Current Conditions

Changing Role of the state in France: from Crisis to Crisis
... Miklos Somai
From: Seeking the Best Master: State Ownership in the Varieties of Capitalism, Central European University Press, 2019

France
... Wikipedia

The French Carbon Tax: Autopsy of an Ambition
... Eloi Laurent
French Politics, Culture & Society, Vol.28, No.3, Winter 2010, pp.114-122

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS to FRANCE

The Encyclopedia on Political Economy

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Banking and Monetary Systems

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Securities Markets

FINLAND

History

FINLAND

Current Conditions

FRANCE

History

FRANCE

Current Conditions

FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
to
FRANCE